# when this package says AIC, in our case # it really means BIC, because we used the # 'k = log( n )' option Start: AIC=-11263.75 poisonous ~ 1 Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + odor 8 1912.46 115.92 -34443 + spore.print.color 8 1149.02 879.35 -17982 + gill.color 11 940.21 1088.16 -16224 + ring.type 4 738.20 1290.18 -14904 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 701.16 1327.21 -14683 + stalk.surface.below.ring 3 670.25 1358.12 -14496 + gill.size 1 591.53 1436.85 -14056 + stalk.color.above.ring 8 558.75 1469.62 -13810 + stalk.color.below.ring 8 537.40 1490.97 -13692 + bruises 1 510.20 1518.17 -13609 + population 5 481.81 1546.56 -13422 + habitat 6 392.94 1635.44 -12959 + stalk.root 4 335.68 1692.70 -12697 + gill.spacing 1 246.19 1782.19 -12306 + cap.shape 5 122.32 1906.05 -11724 + ring.number 2 93.56 1934.81 -11629 + cap.color 9 96.77 1931.60 -11580 + cap.surface 3 78.66 1949.72 -11558 + veil.color 3 47.74 1980.63 -11430 + gill.attachment 1 33.86 1994.52 -11392 + stalk.shape 1 21.11 2007.27 -11340 2028.38 -11264 Step: AIC=-34443.47 poisonous ~ odor Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + spore.print.color 8 71.372 44.546 -42141 + gill.color 11 26.216 89.702 -36427 + stalk.color.below.ring 7 24.034 91.884 -36268 + stalk.color.above.ring 7 9.216 106.702 -35053 + cap.color 9 9.257 106.661 -35039 + cap.shape 5 8.770 107.149 -35038 + veil.color 3 7.688 108.231 -34974 + stalk.surface.below.ring 3 7.669 108.249 -34973 + habitat 6 6.460 109.459 -34855 + stalk.shape 1 5.407 110.511 -34823 + ring.number 1 5.345 110.573 -34818 + cap.surface 3 4.614 111.304 -34746 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 3.137 112.781 -34639 + population 5 3.168 112.751 -34624 + gill.size 1 2.172 113.746 -34588 + stalk.root 4 1.984 113.935 -34548 + gill.spacing 1 0.544 115.374 -34473 + gill.attachment 1 0.224 115.695 -34450 115.918 -34443 + bruises 1 0.107 115.812 -34442 + ring.type 3 0.072 115.846 -34422 Step: AIC=-42140.9 poisonous ~ odor + spore.print.color Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + stalk.color.below.ring 7 22.1338 22.412 -47658 + ring.number 1 13.1096 31.437 -44964 + stalk.color.above.ring 7 7.3900 37.156 -43552 + veil.color 3 6.9738 37.572 -43497 + stalk.surface.below.ring 3 6.7788 37.767 -43455 + cap.surface 3 3.6934 40.853 -42817 + gill.size 1 3.4232 41.123 -42781 + cap.shape 5 3.5458 41.000 -42770 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 2.3045 42.242 -42545 + habitat 6 2.2297 42.317 -42504 + stalk.root 4 1.6007 42.946 -42402 + gill.color 11 1.5537 42.993 -42330 + cap.color 9 1.4087 43.138 -42321 + population 5 0.8309 43.715 -42249 + ring.type 3 0.7262 43.820 -42247 + gill.spacing 1 0.1083 44.438 -42152 + bruises 1 0.0667 44.480 -42144 44.546 -42141 + stalk.shape 1 0.0145 44.532 -42135 + gill.attachment 1 0.0000 44.546 -42132 Step: AIC=-47658.37 poisonous ~ odor + spore.print.color + stalk.color.below.ring Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + cap.surface 3 3.7256 18.687 -49108 + ring.number 1 3.5446 18.868 -49048 + stalk.surface.below.ring 3 1.1767 21.236 -48069 + cap.shape 5 0.9824 21.430 -47977 + gill.size 1 0.8334 21.579 -47957 + ring.type 3 0.3166 22.096 -47747 + habitat 6 0.3529 22.059 -47733 + population 5 0.2850 22.127 -47717 + cap.color 9 0.2637 22.149 -47674 + gill.spacing 1 0.0574 22.355 -47670 + bruises 1 0.0551 22.357 -47669 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 0.1045 22.308 -47669 + stalk.shape 1 0.0528 22.360 -47669 22.412 -47658 + gill.color 11 0.2545 22.158 -47652 + stalk.color.above.ring 6 0.1312 22.281 -47652 + gill.attachment 1 0.0000 22.412 -47649 + veil.color 2 0.0000 22.412 -47640 + stalk.root 4 0.0482 22.364 -47640 Step: AIC=-49108.27 poisonous ~ odor + spore.print.color + stalk.color.below.ring + cap.surface Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + ring.number 1 2.48176 16.205 -50257 + stalk.surface.below.ring 3 1.18705 17.500 -49614 + gill.size 1 0.58157 18.105 -49356 + ring.type 3 0.43850 18.248 -49274 + cap.shape 5 0.27206 18.415 -49182 + habitat 6 0.24536 18.442 -49162 + gill.spacing 1 0.08246 18.604 -49135 + stalk.shape 1 0.07158 18.615 -49130 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 0.10967 18.577 -49129 + population 5 0.14576 18.541 -49127 + cap.color 9 0.20523 18.482 -49117 + stalk.color.above.ring 6 0.12786 18.559 -49110 18.687 -49108 + bruises 1 0.01566 18.671 -49106 + gill.attachment 1 0.00000 18.687 -49099 + veil.color 2 0.00000 18.687 -49090 + gill.color 11 0.17461 18.512 -49086 + stalk.root 4 0.01822 18.669 -49080 Step: AIC=-50256.9 poisonous ~ odor + spore.print.color + stalk.color.below.ring + cap.surface + ring.number Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + ring.type 3 2.15686 14.048 -51390 + cap.color 9 2.18298 14.022 -51351 + gill.color 11 2.12107 14.084 -51298 + stalk.surface.below.ring 3 1.21190 14.993 -50861 + gill.size 1 0.31583 15.889 -50408 + cap.shape 5 0.24978 15.955 -50338 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 0.21374 15.991 -50338 + habitat 6 0.24635 15.959 -50327 + bruises 1 0.08304 16.122 -50290 + gill.spacing 1 0.05550 16.150 -50276 + population 5 0.12384 16.081 -50274 + stalk.shape 1 0.02242 16.183 -50259 16.205 -50257 + gill.attachment 1 0.00000 16.205 -50248 + veil.color 2 0.00001 16.205 -50239 + stalk.root 4 0.00285 16.202 -50222 + stalk.color.above.ring 6 0.00814 16.197 -50207 Step: AIC=-51390.23 poisonous ~ odor + spore.print.color + stalk.color.below.ring + cap.surface + ring.number + ring.type Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + stalk.root 4 2.26840 11.780 -52785 + cap.color 9 1.67725 12.371 -52342 + stalk.surface.below.ring 3 0.92739 13.121 -51918 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 0.35856 13.690 -51573 + habitat 6 0.36429 13.684 -51550 + gill.spacing 1 0.25755 13.791 -51532 + cap.shape 5 0.17140 13.877 -51445 + population 5 0.14555 13.903 -51430 14.048 -51390 + bruises 1 0.00420 14.044 -51384 + stalk.shape 1 0.00096 14.047 -51382 + gill.size 1 0.00070 14.047 -51382 + gill.attachment 1 0.00000 14.048 -51381 + veil.color 2 0.00000 14.048 -51372 + stalk.color.above.ring 6 0.00299 14.045 -51338 + gill.color 10 0.00313 14.045 -51302 Step: AIC=-52784.92 poisonous ~ odor + spore.print.color + stalk.color.below.ring + cap.surface + ring.number + ring.type + stalk.root Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + stalk.surface.below.ring 3 5.1624 6.6174 -57443 + bruises 1 1.2064 10.5734 -53654 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 1.0573 10.7226 -53522 + cap.color 9 0.7838 10.9960 -53263 + gill.spacing 1 0.6222 11.1577 -53217 + habitat 6 0.4559 11.3239 -53052 + stalk.shape 1 0.2982 11.4816 -52984 + cap.shape 5 0.3044 11.4754 -52953 + population 5 0.2914 11.4884 -52943 + veil.color 2 0.2018 11.5780 -52907 + stalk.color.above.ring 6 0.2493 11.5305 -52905 + gill.size 1 0.0650 11.7148 -52821 11.7798 -52785 + gill.attachment 1 0.0000 11.7798 -52776 + gill.color 10 0.0681 11.7117 -52742 Step: AIC=-57442.89 poisonous ~ odor + spore.print.color + stalk.color.below.ring + cap.surface + ring.number + ring.type + stalk.root + stalk.surface.below.ring Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + bruises 1 1.82544 4.7920 -60056 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 1.02744 5.5900 -58787 + cap.shape 5 0.33635 6.2811 -57822 + population 5 0.29867 6.3187 -57773 + stalk.shape 1 0.25363 6.3638 -57751 + stalk.color.above.ring 6 0.27408 6.3433 -57733 + veil.color 2 0.20997 6.4074 -57687 + cap.color 9 0.19822 6.4192 -57609 + habitat 6 0.14618 6.4712 -57570 + gill.size 1 0.04047 6.5769 -57484 + gill.spacing 1 0.03067 6.5867 -57472 6.6174 -57443 + gill.attachment 1 0.00000 6.6174 -57434 + gill.color 10 0.02099 6.5964 -57379 Step: AIC=-60056.01 poisonous ~ odor + spore.print.color + stalk.color.below.ring + cap.surface + ring.number + ring.type + stalk.root + stalk.surface.below.ring + bruises Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC + stalk.shape 1 4.7920 0.0000 -483618 + habitat 6 2.9216 1.8704 -67645 + gill.spacing 1 1.9616 2.8304 -64325 + gill.size 1 1.8787 2.9133 -64090 + stalk.color.above.ring 6 0.6268 4.1651 -61141 + population 5 0.6061 4.1859 -61110 + cap.shape 5 0.5631 4.2289 -61027 + veil.color 2 0.4006 4.3914 -60747 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 0.2652 4.5267 -60492 + cap.color 9 0.2734 4.5186 -60452 + gill.color 10 0.2095 4.5825 -60329 4.7920 -60056 + gill.attachment 1 0.0000 4.7920 -60047 Step: AIC=-483617.5 poisonous ~ odor + spore.print.color + stalk.color.below.ring + cap.surface + ring.number + ring.type + stalk.root + stalk.surface.below.ring + bruises + stalk.shape Df Sum of Sq RSS AIC 1.0894e-22 -483618 + gill.size 1 6.6000e-28 1.0894e-22 -483609 + gill.spacing 1 4.0000e-29 1.0894e-22 -483609 + gill.attachment 1 0.0000e+00 1.0894e-22 -483609 + veil.color 2 6.6000e-28 1.0894e-22 -483600 + stalk.surface.above.ring 3 1.0840e-26 1.0893e-22 -483591 + population 5 1.6588e-25 1.0878e-22 -483585 + cap.shape 5 1.4160e-25 1.0880e-22 -483583 + habitat 6 2.5617e-25 1.0869e-22 -483583 + stalk.color.above.ring 6 6.6000e-28 1.0894e-22 -483564 + gill.color 10 4.7840e-25 1.0846e-22 -483563 + cap.color 9 1.3798e-25 1.0880e-22 -483547 Warning message: attempting model selection on an essentially perfect fit is nonsense